Cardiac        Animated Cardiac Development (1 contact hours for $4 )       Describe the primitive cardiac tube, and its early growth in length, shape and function. Differentiate the early structures that transform the single chamber into the four chambered pump. Associate the openings between the heart's early chambers, andthe walls that eventually separate those chambers. Describe the tissue growth that separates venous from arterial blood flow. Relate embyrological events to potential cardiac defects in the fetus and newborn.           Cardiac Case Studies (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify each dyshythmia. Apply basic dysrhythmia knowledge to analyze the case study.           Children with Down Syndrome (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify specific neurological, sensory, orthopedic, cardiac, respiratory, autoimmune, mental health, dental, and oncological health risks of children with Down syndrome, and describe appropriate nursing interventions related to these risks. Cite the health care guidelines established by the National Down Syndrome Society for children with Down syndrome, and highlight nursing interventions to address these guidelines. Identify specific recommendations for feeding and nutrition in youngsters with Down syndrome. Discuss appropriate weight management strategies and physical activities for children with Down syndrome. Describe developmental issues specific to children with Down syndrome, and identify beneficial therapies. Outline services provided to children with Down syndrome through the early intervention program. Identify supports available to children with Down syndrome through the public educational system and state services.           EKG Strip Identification and Evaluation (5 contact hours for $20 )       Identify normal EKG waveform morphology. Describe the normal physiology of cardiac conduction. Distinguish between cardiac dysrhythmias, including sinus, atrial, junctional and ventricular dysthythmias. Describe the physiological consequences and treatments of these dysrhythmias.           Hemodynamic Monitoring: An Introduction (4 contact hours for $16 )       Discuss cardiac physiology as it relates to blood flow and hemodynamic monitoring. Understand the terminology and normal values associated with hemodynamic monitoring. Review methods of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Describe components, and purposes, of invasive monitoring, including arterial, central venous and pulmonary artery catheters. Discuss issues related to nursing care for patients with invasive hemodynamic catheters.           High Altitude Sickness (2 contact hours for $8 )       Define high altitude sickness. Describe the body’s acclimatization process. List the 3 primary types of acute mountain sickness (AMS). List 2 additional forms of altitude sickness. Describe the symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe AMS. Discuss symptoms and treatment for high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Discuss symptoms and treatment for high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). List 3 medications used to treat High Altitude Sickness. Describe the use of portable hyperbaric chambers. Discuss high altitude effects on pre-existing conditions and contraindications for travel to high altitudes. List 5 preventive measures against developing high altitude sickness.           Interpretation of ABGs: A FOUR STEP METHOD  (4 contact hours for $16 )       Recognize normal values for pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 and HCO3. Explain significance of these values. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in the body and how they are measured. Relate the pH scale to acidosis and alkalosis. Discuss the respiratory and metabolic mechanisms and their role in controlling the body's acid-base balance. Interpret basic arterial blood gas values and relate these values to patient conditions. Suggest therapies for acid-base correction. Be aware of other resources for in-depth ABG interpretation information.           Lone Atrial Fibrillation (2 contact hours for $8 )       Define Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Discuss the pathophysiology of Lone Atrial Fibrillation. List the treatment goals for Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Discuss the medical interventions for Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Discuss nursing care priorities for Lone Atrial Fibrillation.           PSVT in the Pediatric Patient (3 contact hours for $12 )       Define PSVT. Specify prevalence of PSVT in pediatric population, and age of onset. Compare EKG characteristics of pediatric PSVT with normal pediatric EKG. Compare and contrast normal cardiac conduction with abnormal conduction processes. Explain two common mechanisms of initiation of PSVT. Explain mechanism of WPW in relation to initiation of PSVT and describe how WPW is diagnosed and treated in the pediatric patient. List elements of clinicalpresentation of PSVT in the infant, child and adolescent. Compare well-compensated patient to one who is displaying severe symptoms. Describe severalself-treatments a child and family can be taught to convert PSVT to normal rhythm. Describe immediate life support and diagnostic measures necessary for the child with symptomatic PSVT. Identify medications and other treatments used in treatment of PSVT, their dosages, indications and side-effects. Compare and contrast developmental issues of child and pre-adolescent to older adolescent receiving treatment for PSVT. Specify recommended provider behaviors in each case.           VSD: Effects, Assessment and Treatment (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the anatomy of the normal heart with respect to blood flow to and from the lungs. Compare cyanotic heart defects with acyanotic heart defects. Specify prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in the population. Compare and contrast the flow of blood in the normal heart with blood flow in the heart affected by VSD. Describe early effects of large VSDs; include reasons why children with VSD are prone to congestive heart failure (CHF). Distinguish later effects of large VSDs. Explain why VSDs in newborns are often not evident. List diagnostic tools used to assess VSD. List symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) in children. List 2 common medications for CHF management and discuss actions of each medication, pediatric dosages and precautions. Describe a palliative therapy for VSD. Describe definitive therapy for VSD including risks and benefits.      Complete Course Listing        Adolescents with Down Syndrome (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify specific neurological, sensory, orthopedic, cardiac, respiratory, autoimmune, mental health, dental, and oncological health risks of adolescents with Down syndrome, and describe appropriate nursing interventions related to these risks. Cite the health care guidelines established by the National Down Syndrome Society for adolescents with Down syndrome, and highlight nursing interventions to address these guidelines. Identify specific recommendations for effective weight management in teens with Down syndrome. Cite three key points regarding the relationship between academic learning, adaptive skills, and cognitive development in adolescents with Down syndrome. Identify key components of self-competence in adolescents and identify nursing strategies to promote self-competence. Describe social settings and activities that are effective in promoting friendship opportunities for teens with Down syndrome. Describe significant issues surrounding intimacy and sexuality for adolescents with Down syndrome, and identify potential nursing interventions. Describe the factors that increase the risk for sexual or physical abuse in teens with Down syndrome, and identify effective teaching strategies to reduce those risks. Describe the transition process designed to prepare the adolescent to leave the school system and enter the work force.           Adults with Down Syndrome (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify specific neurological, sensory, orthopedic, cardiac, respiratory, autoimmune, mental health, dental, and oncological health risks of adults with Down syndrome, and describe appropriate nursing interventions related to these risks. Describe the impact of Alzheimer’s syndrome on adults with Down syndrome and identify corresponding nursing interventions to address these impacts. Discuss the health care guidelines established by the National Down Syndrome Society for adults with Down syndrome, and highlight nursing interventions to address these guidelines. Describe nursing implications inherent in the decreased life expectancy, premature aging, and Alzheimer’s disease common to adults with Down syndrome. List specific nursing recommendations that address weight management for adults with Down syndrome. Define nursing interventions within each of the four components of community integration for an adult with Down syndrome. List key questions that comprise the litmus test for measuring quality of life for adults with mental retardation. Discuss the five components of the asset management model for housing and services for adults with Down syndrome, and identify nursing interventions within each component. Outline the continuum of living arrangements available to adults with Down syndrome, and identify the nurse’s role in arranging the least restrictive environment. Identify educational and supported employment options available to adults with Down syndrome, and discuss the nurse’s role in these areas. Describe significant issues surrounding intimacy and sexuality for adults with Down syndrome, and identify potential nursing interventions.           Analgesic Drugs and Pain Management (4 contact hours for $16 )       Recognize problems created by under-treating pain and identify individuals who are at greatest risk for having their pain under-treated. Distinguish between nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Identify 3 classifications of analgesic drugs. Recognize how nonopioid analgesics differ from opioid analgesics. Identify the mechanism of action, side effects, and maximum daily dose of acetaminophen. Identify the relationship between aspirin and Reye’s syndrome. Recognize the mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and distinguish between nonselective and selective NSAIDS. Identify common side effects of NSAIDs, ways to prevent and/or manage them and advantages and disadvantages of combining NSAIDs with opioid analgesics. Discuss the concept of "opioid dose sparing." Identify the mechanism of action of mu agonist opioid analgesics. Discuss the concept of "analgesic ceiling." List 3 opioid analgesics that are commonly used to treat severe escalating acute pain. Discuss guidelines for using opioid analgesics and the concept of "titrating to effect" as it applies to opioid analgesics. Recognize the rationale for avoiding using meperidine as an analgesic. Discuss the value of giving analgesics on an around-the-clock rather than on a PRN basis to manage continuous pain. Recognize common side effects associated with opioid analgesics and ways to manage side effects. Recognize ways to assess respiratory depression in patients receiving opioid analgesics. Distinguish among the terms "tolerance," "physical dependency," and "addiction." Identify the percentage of patients who become addicted to opioids when receiving them under medical supervision. Discuss conditions under which the following administration routes for opioid analgesics are used: oral, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, transdermal, and intrathecal. Recognize nursing considerations for patients receiving opioid analgesics and identify ways in which patients receiving opioids can minimize adverse effects. Discuss the mechanism of action of antidepressants and anticonvulsants in relation to pain management. Recognize 4 web-based governmental and organizational resources that provide nurses and other clinicians with current information about pain management.           Animated Cardiac Development (1 contact hours for $4 )       Describe the primitive cardiac tube, and its early growth in length, shape and function. Differentiate the early structures that transform the single chamber into the four chambered pump. Associate the openings between the heart's early chambers, andthe walls that eventually separate those chambers. Describe the tissue growth that separates venous from arterial blood flow. Relate embyrological events to potential cardiac defects in the fetus and newborn.           Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV and AIDS (4 contact hours for $16 )       Recognize how HIV affects the immune system. Describe how HIV is transmitted. Identify the signs and symptoms of HIV infection and AIDS. List AIDS-defining illnesses. Discuss how the following classifications of antiretroviral drugs work: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), Protease inhibitors (PIs), Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), Fusion inhibitors (FIs) Describe factors involved in starting HIV drug treatment. Identify the goal of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Discuss the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy. Identify "black box" warnings for specific antiretroviral drugs. Identify the influence of food, herbs, and drugs on antiretroviral therapy. Discuss 3 types of antiretroviral regimen failure. State 2 reasons why adherence to antiretroviral drug therapy is crucial. Recognize ways healthcare professionals can help patients adhere to antiretroviral therapy. Identify the meaning of the following terms: HIV infection, AIDS, AIDS defining illnesses, CD4+T cells, DNA, RNA, Nucleic acid, Reverse transcriptase, retrovirus, viral load, HAART.           Biochemical Terrorism: An ER Resource (3 contact hours for $12 )       State the brief history of biochemical warfare. Assess symptoms or clusters of symptoms that may indicate the possibility of community or individual biochemical exposure. Compare various biological agents, in terms of incubation period, signs, symptoms, sequelae and mode of transmission. Also compare sources, if vaccines are available, if it's contagious between humans, and treatment. Compare various nerve, blood, pulmonary and blister agents in terms of description, onset of symptoms post exposure, signs and symptoms and routes of exposure, decontamination and treatment. Rank triage priorities and activities for the pre-hospital treatment of mass casualty patients. Differentiate between pre-hospital management and emergency room management. Name 2 antidotes and the signs and symptoms, as well as age range, for their use. State methods of handling suspicious items. List factors that should be considered when giving follow-up instructions after treatment.           Biological Warfare: Diseases as Weapons (4 contact hours for $16 )       State information related to preparing for an incidence of bioterrorism including clues to bioterrorism attack and the signs, symptoms, modes of transmission of high-priority agents of bioterrorism. State information related to reporting of an incidence of bioterrorism, including the ways to contact the proper authorities and correctly document the incidence of bioterrorism. State information related to the implementation of decontamination procedures, the identification of treatment locations and treatment personnel, the acquisition of treatment-related supplies, the awareness of any facility-organized response plans, and the development of a patient care plan to address the situation. Recognize the potential threat of the release of biological diseases/agents to the United States population. Describe Category A, B, and C biological treats as classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Identify 4 rationales for the assignment of biological diseases/agents to a Category A classification. Identify the potential as a biological weapon, epidemiology, clinical course, and disease management for the following: Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox, Tularemia, Viral hemorrhagic fever.           Bladder Management after Spinal Cord Injury (3 contact hours for Free )       Understand the basic relationship between spinal cord injury and problems with the urinary system and bladder function. Explain the basic process of normal urination, including the anatomy and physiology of the bladder and it's nervous system control. List the neurological changes that take place with supraspinal, suprasacral and infrasacral spinal cord injuries. Describe the optimal initial bladder management strategies immediately after spinal cord injury, including during spinal shock. List the factors to be considered in bladder training and management during the long-term recovery period after SCI. Anticipate the problem of Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD) after SCI, including triggering factors, signs and symptoms, treatment options and prevention. Discuss the incidence of urinary tract infections after SCI, including causes, signs and symptoms, assessment issues, treatment and prevention.           Bloodsucking Leeches and Flesh Eating Maggots (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the characteristics of the medicinal leech. Discuss the history of leech therapy. Describe procedures for leech therapy in detail. Identify 6 clinical uses of leech therapy. Describe 4 complications/side effects of leech therapy. Discuss the life cycle of the blowfly. Discuss the history of maggot therapy. Identify 4 clinical uses for maggot debridement therapy. Describe details of procedures for maggot debridement therapy and maggot removal. Describe 4 complications/side effects of maggot therapy. Explain how documentation affects acceptance of new treatments and specify at least 6 appropriate documents.           Cancer Chemotherapy (5 contact hours for $20 )       To recognize 3 goals for the use of cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment. To describe the 5 phases of the cell life cycle. To identify the advantages of combining cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment. To recognize 5 classifications of cytotoxic drugs and to state the mechanism of action of each drug classification. To describe the role of biologic response modifiers in cancer treatment. To recognize the purpose of adjuvant, induction, consolidation, and maintenance cytotoxic drug regimens in cancer treatment. To identity potential toxicities for frequently used cytotoxic drugs. To state 6 methods of administering cytotoxic drugs. To recognize 3 principles of safe cytotoxic drug administration. To describe 3 types of vascular access devices for the administration of cytotoxic drugs. To identify the effects of chemotherapy and management strategies related to the following body systems: Hematopoeitic, Integumentary, Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular, Neurological, Respiratory, Reproductive, and Urological. To recognize symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions associated with cancer chemotherapy. To state 6 goals for patient/family education when a patient is receiving cytotoxic drugs. To describe 3 phases of clinical trials in cancer drug development. To recognize cancer chemotherapy resources for health care professionals and patients.           Cancer of the Breast Duct: Non-invasive DCIS (3 contact hours for $12 )       Define ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Identify basic breast anatomy, as it relates to DCIS. Differentiate between different terms and language used to discuss DCIS. List the DCIS subtypes and grades. Discuss possible precipitating factors. Differentiate between different methods of biopsy. Describe the typical treatments for DCIS. Describe the medications used to treat DCIS. Explain the factors that influence the prognosis for DCIS. Suggest several factors that may influence successful follow-up.           Cardiac Case Studies (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify each dyshythmia. Apply basic dysrhythmia knowledge to analyze the case study.           Cerebral Palsy in Children (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify key characteristics of the four classic presentations of cerebral palsy. Describe prenatal and pregnancy-related risk factors associated with cerebral palsy. Discuss diagnostic tests used to establish a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. List physical disabilities, developmental delays, and medical issues commonly associated with cerebral palsy in children. Outline currently-accepted treatment modalities for children with cerebral palsy. State professional recommendations regarding complementary and alternative treatments for children with cerebral palsy. Describe the developmental and educational systems established to meet the needs of children with cerebral palsy, and identify the role of nurses in these settings. Discuss effective case management for children with cerebral palsy, including implications of special needs trusts. Discuss prognostic indicators that impact quality of life for children with cerebral palsy. Identify appropriate online and print resources for professionals who work with children with cerebral palsy. List appropriate online and print references, as well as support agencies, for parents of children with cerebral palsy.           Cerebral Palsy in Children (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify key characteristics of the four classic presentations of cerebral palsy. Describe prenatal and pregnancy-related risk factors associated with cerebral palsy. Discuss diagnostic tests used to establish a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. List physical disabilities, developmental delays, and medical issues commonly associated with cerebral palsy in children. Outline currently-accepted treatment modalities for children with cerebral palsy. State professional recommendations regarding complementary and alternative treatments for children with cerebral palsy. Describe the developmental and educational systems established to meet the needs of children with cerebral palsy, and identify the role of nurses in these settings. Discuss effective case management for children with cerebral palsy, including implications of special needs trusts. Discuss prognostic indicators that impact quality of life for children with cerebral palsy. Identify appropriate online and print resources for professionals who work with children with cerebral palsy. List appropriate online and print references, as well as support agencies, for parents of children with cerebral palsy.           Children with Down Syndrome (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify specific neurological, sensory, orthopedic, cardiac, respiratory, autoimmune, mental health, dental, and oncological health risks of children with Down syndrome, and describe appropriate nursing interventions related to these risks. Cite the health care guidelines established by the National Down Syndrome Society for children with Down syndrome, and highlight nursing interventions to address these guidelines. Identify specific recommendations for feeding and nutrition in youngsters with Down syndrome. Discuss appropriate weight management strategies and physical activities for children with Down syndrome. Describe developmental issues specific to children with Down syndrome, and identify beneficial therapies. Outline services provided to children with Down syndrome through the early intervention program. Identify supports available to children with Down syndrome through the public educational system and state services.           Diabetes Treatments: Insulin and Oral Drugs (4 contact hours for $16 )       State the physiological effects of insulin. Recognize basic elements of the pancreatic beta cell. Compare and contrast insulin preparations based on source, type, and concentration. Identify situations in which insulin is used. Recognize indications for specific insulin products and insulin therapy regimens. State appropriate administration and storage guidelines for insulin. Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of an insulin pump. Identify the mechanism of action, side effects, and clinical use of anti-diabetic oral agents. Describe the use of combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recognize the potential impact of interactions with other drugs that are commonly used by persons with diabetes.           Diabetes: Nutrition and Exercise Therapy (3 contact hours for $12 )       To recognize medical nutrition goals for people with diabetes. To identify the role of insulin and food sources in nutrition. To discuss the rationale underlying carbohydrate counting and exchange lists. To state adjustments to meal planning that should be made during an acute illness. To recognize the benefits of exercise for persons with diabetes. To identify methods of minimizing exercise induced hypoglycemia. To state exercise safety recommendations for persons taking antidiabetes agents.           Domestic Violence Update for Nurses (2 contact hours for $8 )       Define domestic/intimate partner violence. Discuss the prevalence of abuse, and consider the numbers of patients in his/her practice that may be either victims or perpetrators of domestic violence. List four types of abuse. Discuss assessment and screening procedures for determining whether a patient has any history of being either a victim, or a perpetrator, of domestic violence. Explain the Florida state regulations in relation to reporting abuse for children, vulnerable adults, and adults in general. Describe the steps for reporting abuse. List at least 4 different intervention services in the state of Florida. Describe how to provide vulnerable patients with information on, or how to refer such patients to, resources in the local community, such as: domestic violence centers and other advocacy groups, that           Domestic Violence: Where's the Hope? (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify at least six different forms of domestic violence. Explain how DV impacts children. Describe Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in relation to DV. State what causes DV to erupt. Describe how educational attainment in women has affected the incidence of DV. List the risk factors for victims & perpetrators of DV. Give reasons why women stay in abusive relationships. Define traumatic bonding. Cite the most common markers of DV. Recognize the importance of medical documentation of DV. Define the nurse’s role in regard to the DV victim’s safety. Use the funneling technique in interviewing DV victims. Identify three stages of change DV victims go through. List four ways perpetrators of DV may be helped. Examine the source of nurses’ attitudes that make caring for DV victims difficult.           EKG Strip Identification and Evaluation (5 contact hours for $20 )       Identify normal EKG waveform morphology. Describe the normal physiology of cardiac conduction. Distinguish between cardiac dysrhythmias, including sinus, atrial, junctional and ventricular dysthythmias. Describe the physiological consequences and treatments of these dysrhythmias.           End of Life Care (2 contact hours for $8 )       Define palliative care and discuss how it differs from curative care. Explain the rights of patients for self-determination. Discuss emotional, psychosocial, spiritual and family issues related to end of life. List and explain the 3 levels of the WHO pain ladder. Discuss the use of analgesia and adjuvant medications and treatments to relieve suffering. List the requirements for advance directives. Describe the options for advance directives. List different options for care. Describe hospice requirements and care provided. Differentiate between some basic end of life laws in the states of Florida and West Virginia.           Experiences of Previously Unconscious Patients  (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the five states that occur during unconsciousness: unconsciousness inner awareness perceived (or presumed) unconsciousness distorted consciousness exceptional or paranormal experiences. Analyze how movement affects unconscious patients. Describe clinical application of the information.           Families w/ Disabled Children 2:Early Intervention (3 contact hours for $12 )       List factors that inhibit the parents’ readiness to form parent/professional partnerships. Describe the three phases of parent/professional partnerships and identify appropriate nursing approaches for each stage. List effective strategies for professionals to follow in their early interactions with parents of children with disabilities. Define criteria for determining a child’s eligibility for the early intervention system. Discuss eligibility criteria that must be met in order for the child to receive special education services through the school system. Identify special services typically provided by states for children with disabilities. Identify the four key components of the Turnbulls’ Empowerment Model, and describe nursing implications within each component.           Families with Disabled Children 1: Grieving (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the five stages of grief following the diagnosis of disability in a child, and identify appropriate nursing interventions for each stage. List the four dimensions of families in Turnbulls’ Family System Framework, and discuss nursing implications for each dimension. Discuss stressors identified by families of children with disabilities, and give examples of nursing interventions to reduce stress on the family. Identify expectations common to parents of children with disabilities, and discuss the implications of these expectations for nurses .           Families with Disabled Children 3: Integration (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe modern guidelines for professional practice that can be used to maintain an effective working relationship with parents of children with special needs. Describe effective nursing strategies to ensure successful home visits with families. Discuss appropriate guidelines for telephone calls to family members of the child with disabilities. Outline principles to follow when using partnership mail with family members. List eight skills parents need to master in order to become effective advocates for their child. Define the five levels of Greenspan’s pyramid model of integrated developmental intervention, and discuss relevant nursing strategies for each level.           Hemodynamic Monitoring: An Introduction (4 contact hours for $16 )       Discuss cardiac physiology as it relates to blood flow and hemodynamic monitoring. Understand the terminology and normal values associated with hemodynamic monitoring. Review methods of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Describe components, and purposes, of invasive monitoring, including arterial, central venous and pulmonary artery catheters. Discuss issues related to nursing care for patients with invasive hemodynamic catheters.           Hepatitis C: Prevention, Assessment & Treatment (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe hepatitis C (HCV) and the mode of transmission. Discuss the history of HCV. Discuss the infectious process and genotypes. List and describe 6 to 9 risk factors for HCV. List 4 different types of HCV assessment tests and applications. List and describe 5 to 8 primary symptoms/complications of HCV. List and describe 3 types of treatment for HCV. List and describe 5 to 7 prevention methods.           High Altitude Sickness (2 contact hours for $8 )       Define high altitude sickness. Describe the body’s acclimatization process. List the 3 primary types of acute mountain sickness (AMS). List 2 additional forms of altitude sickness. Describe the symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe AMS. Discuss symptoms and treatment for high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Discuss symptoms and treatment for high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). List 3 medications used to treat High Altitude Sickness. Describe the use of portable hyperbaric chambers. Discuss high altitude effects on pre-existing conditions and contraindications for travel to high altitudes. List 5 preventive measures against developing high altitude sickness.           HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) (2 contact hours for $8 )       Compare the AIDS/HIV statistics between the United States and the World, men and women, different races and sexual preferences. Review symptoms of HIV related cognitive impairment. List five intervention strategies for managing motor and behavior changes. Describe the origin of, and management of, challenging behaviors exhibited by persons with HIV. Identify the three cognitive symptoms of AIDS Dementia Complex.           Hormones of Pregnancy (6 contact hours for $24 )       Recognize the value of health professionals understanding and educating their patients and their families about hormone activity during pregnancy. Review basic terms and concepts about endocrine activity. Indicate where specific glands are located in the body. Differentiate between the hormone activityinvolved in the normal menstrual cycle, and the hormone activity occurring immediately after conception. Describe the features of the placental/fetal unit and compare the protein and steroid hormones. Discuss the major activity of estrogen,progesterone, hCG, and HPL. Describe the activity of the hypothalamus. Compare the tissues and hormonal activity of the anterior and posterior pituitary glands, including FSH, LH, TSH, PRL, ACTH, GH, oxytocin and ADH. Discuss the major hormones of the thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands with respect to their actions during pregnancy. Differentiate between hormones and prostaglandins, and describe the activity of prostaglandins during pregnancy.           Hypo/Hyperthermia in the Elderly (3 contact hours for $12 )       Recognize why elderly patients have changes in body temperature regulation that make them susceptible to both hypothermia and hyperthermia. Identify specific risk factors for hypothermia in the elderly. Describe signs and symptoms of hypothermia. Identify treatment for hypothermia. List ways in which the elderly and their families/caregivers can reduce the risk of hypothermia. Identify specific risk factors for hyperthermia in the elderly. Recognize 5 categories of drugs that can increase hyperthermia risk in elderly patients. Distinguish between heat stress, heat fatigue, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Describe signs and symptoms of hyperthermia. Identify treatment for hyperthermia. List ways in which the elderly and their families/caregivers can reduce the risk of hyperthermia.           Influenza: Not Just a Bad Cold (3 contact hours for $12 )       List high risk groups for flu and prevalence of the disease. Define "pandemic" and state when they have occurred in the last century. Describe the significance of a flu epidemic to the health care system in the U.S. List the 3 types of flu. Differentiate between antigenic drift and antigenic shift. State the main method of flu transmission. Differentiate between the signs and symptoms of a cold and the flu. List diagnostic tests for influenza. Identify some reliable strategies for influenza prevention in the health care setting. Differentiate between different vaccine types and list indications and contraindications for each. Describe respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette in healthcare settings. List the basic drugs used for influenza antiviral treatment and the groups most likely to receive this treatment. Describe basic uncomplicated flu treatment.           Inhalant Abuse: Nursing Implications (3 contact hours for $12 )       Define inhalants. Identify classes and examples of inhalants. Recognize reasons why youths are using inhalants. Describe the characteristics of a youth likely to start using. Recognize inhalant research regarding gender and ethnicity. Describe methods of inhalation and the most frequent site of usage. Describe the effects of inhalants on the body. Define inhalant intoxication, withdrawal, tolerance and addiction. Describe the assessment process. Identify emergency treatment. Recognize fatal and long-term consequences of inhaling. Correlate the relationship of inhalant abuse and delinquent behavior. Describe keys to prevent inhalant abuse.           Interpretation of ABGs: A FOUR STEP METHOD  (4 contact hours for $16 )       Recognize normal values for pH, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 and HCO3. Explain significance of these values. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in the body and how they are measured. Relate the pH scale to acidosis and alkalosis. Discuss the respiratory and metabolic mechanisms and their role in controlling the body's acid-base balance. Interpret basic arterial blood gas values and relate these values to patient conditions. Suggest therapies for acid-base correction. Be aware of other resources for in-depth ABG interpretation information.           Liver Disease (4 contact hours for $16 )       Describe the normal anatomy of the liver. Recognize the normal physiologic functions of the liver, including its role in bile formation and secretion, metabolism, vitamin storage, coagulation, and detoxification. Discuss the pathophysiology, and diagnosis of specific pathologic conditions that affect the liver,including cirrhosis, hepatitis, carcinoma, Wilson's disease, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and intrahepatic biliary dysplasia. Recognize complications of liver decompensation, including, portal hypertension, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. State measures to prevent food-borne and blood-borne hepatitis.           Lone Atrial Fibrillation (2 contact hours for $8 )       Define Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Discuss the pathophysiology of Lone Atrial Fibrillation. List the treatment goals for Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Discuss the medical interventions for Lone Atrial Fibrillation. Discuss nursing care priorities for Lone Atrial Fibrillation.           Medical Errors (3 contact hours for $12 )       List at least four causes of medical errors. Identify four ways that medical errors can be prevented. State the two basic reasons why medication errors happen. Identify the three common medication errors. Describe two high-risk situations for medication errors. Discuss at least three ways medication errors can be prevented.           Methamphetamine Use: What You Need to Know  (5 contact hours for $20 )       Recognize the extent of methamphetamine use in the United States. Describe the forms of "meth." Describe the various methods to ingest methamphetamine. Identify sources of methamphetamine in the United States. Describe the pharmacological action of methamphetamine. Compare and contrast methamphetamine and cocaine. Describe patterns of methamphetamine use. List cardiovascular and other systemic effects from methamphetamine use. Identify fetal, maternal and neonatal effects from meth exposure during pregnancy. Identify the drug of choice for treating "meth" psychosis. List side effects of this medication. List 8 potential long term effects from methamphetamine use. Identify common components of treatment programs.           Multiple Sclerosis: Caring for the Patient (4 contact hours for $16 )       To describe the epidemiology, incidence, and prevalence of MS. To identify the etiology and pathophysiology of MS. To state 4 disease course classifications for MS. To describe 10 symptoms commonly experienced by persons with MS. To identify 3 criteria used to establish a diagnosis of MS. To recognize factors associated with more favorable and less favorable prognoses in MS. To state principles of symptoms management for the following symptoms: fatigue, sensory problems and pain, sexual dysfunction, speech and swallowing problems, spasticity and tremor, visual disturbances and vertigo, bladder dysfunction, bowel dysfunction and cognitive impairment. To state care management for acute MS exacerbations. To identify 5 disease-modifying drugs used in MS therapy. To state potential problems with adherence to disease-modifying therapy. To describe psychosocial issues commonly experienced by persons with MS. To state the impact of MS on family functioning. To identify the incidence of MS associated depression. To state principles of treatment for depression for persons with MS. To state the goals of rehabilitation for a person with MS. To identify roles of members of the rehabilitation team. To recognize 5 challenges faced by the rehabilitation health team in providing care for persons with MS.           Otitis Media in Children (4 contact hours for $16 )       Describe the primary population affected by otitis media. Estimate the cost of otitis media. Review the normal pediatric auditory anatomy. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the middle ear. List the functions of the eustachian tube (ET). Associate the anatomical structures in and near the eustachian tube with ET functions. Relate the ways that fluid enters and leaves the ET with changes in pressure and risk of disease. Describe the differences between pediatric and adult auditory anatomy. Differentiate between AOM and OME. List the three primary pathogens isolated from the middle ear. . List hereditary and racial factors contributing to the development of OM. List environmental factors contributing to the development of OM. Describe the benefit of pneumatic otoscopy. List two methods of collecting indirect evidence of middle ear fluid. List two methods of collecting direct evidence of middle ear fluid. Suggest a logical sequence for performing an auditory physical assessment of a child. Describe the medical treatment of AOM and OME. List the first and second line antibiotics. Describe some of the surgical treatments of OM. Suggest some preventive measures against contracting OM.           PICC Line Care and Maintenance (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the indications and contraindications of PICC lines. Relate anatomical considerations in PICC line placement. Discuss PICC line complications. Explain care and management of the PICC line, including dressing change, cap change, flushing the catheter, and catheter removal. Anticipate appropriate patient education associated with PICC lines, and formulate an applicable nursing care plan.           PSVT in the Pediatric Patient (3 contact hours for $12 )       Define PSVT. Specify prevalence of PSVT in pediatric population, and age of onset. Compare EKG characteristics of pediatric PSVT with normal pediatric EKG. Compare and contrast normal cardiac conduction with abnormal conduction processes. Explain two common mechanisms of initiation of PSVT. Explain mechanism of WPW in relation to initiation of PSVT and describe how WPW is diagnosed and treated in the pediatric patient. List elements of clinicalpresentation of PSVT in the infant, child and adolescent. Compare well-compensated patient to one who is displaying severe symptoms. Describe severalself-treatments a child and family can be taught to convert PSVT to normal rhythm. Describe immediate life support and diagnostic measures necessary for the child with symptomatic PSVT. Identify medications and other treatments used in treatment of PSVT, their dosages, indications and side-effects. Compare and contrast developmental issues of child and pre-adolescent to older adolescent receiving treatment for PSVT. Specify recommended provider behaviors in each case.           Respiratory Assessment: Adult and Child (5 contact hours for $20 )       Recognize the principal structures of the respiratory system. Describe the function of the respiratory system. State 6 significant respiratory symptoms. Identify 4 techniques used in a respiratory assessment. Describe normal assessment findings for chest inspection. Recognize disturbances in breathing rate and rhythm. Describe normal assessment findings for chest palpation. Describe normal assessment findings for chest percussion. Differentiate among the following sounds heard and felt on percussion: resonant sounds; flat sounds; dull sounds; hyperresonant sounds; and tympanic sounds. Describe normal assessment findings for chest auscultation. Describe the characteristics and implications of the following abnormal breath sounds:crackles or rales; wheezes, rhonchi, stridor. Describe the implications of the following transmitted voice sounds: whispered pectoriloquy,bronchophony, egophony. Describe expected assessment findings for the following respiratory diseases: atelectasis,pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, pleural effusion,pneumothorax. Recognize techniques that are helpful in doing a respiratory assessment on a child.           Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Caring for the Patient (4 contact hours for $16 )       Define and describe the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Identify relevant anatomical structures in the brain associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and its sequelae. Recognize at least one theory regarding the etiology of cerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Describe 3 ways in which cerebral aneurysms are classified by shape and size. Identify the basic pathophysiology of neurological damage following a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Recognize warning signs and symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and signs occurring at the time of major bleeding. Discuss techniques used to diagnose subarachnoid hemorrhage. Identify principles of initial management for a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. List at least 5 interventions that are part of aneurysm precautions. Recognize 2 potentially life threatening complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Describe 5 types of drugs that may be used to prevent complications in the patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Discuss surgical and interventional radiological options for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Describe 3 major responsibilities of the nurse in protecting the patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage from life-threatening complications.           Telephone Triage (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the history of telephone triage. State the variety of facilities that can offer telephone triage programs. Describe the benefits and risks of telephone triage. Discuss the six steps of the telephone triage process. Explain the purpose of Quality Improvement (QI) and continuing education programs for telephone triage, and how quality can be monitored for optimum care. Discuss key elements of sample protocols for: Fever (pediatric), Abdominal Pain, Rash, Difficulty Breathing (pediatric) and Chemicals in the Eye. Differentiate between the Telephone Triage process and the Disease Management Model. Discuss key issues related to nursing licensure and telephone triage.           Understanding Coagulation Tests (4 contact hours for $16 )       Recognize the four stages of the coagulation process. Identify normal values for prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Describe therapeutic measures used to help return prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times to normal values. List drugs that affect prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin values. Describe risk factors for excess bleeding and hypercoagulation states. Discuss nursing interventions for patients with specific coagulation abnormalities.           Understanding How VIAGRA® Works  (3 contact hours for $12 )       Recognize the drug classification of Viagra. State indications for drug usage. Define impotence, or erectile dysfunction,(ED). Describe the origins of ED and the history of ED therapy. Discuss dosage, absorption, cost, and common side effects of Viagra. Explain precautions for use,contraindications, and rationale for these precautions. Describe how Viagra works for ED therapy.           Understanding Liver Function Tests  (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify the primary functions of the liver. Recognize types of diseases that cause liver dysfunction. Differentiate between true tests of liver function and tests that are indicators of liver disease. Identify normal values for liver function tests. Recognize the role of albumin in the blood. Describe the purpose of protein electrophoresis. State the purpose of an A/G ratio. Describe the normal pathway for the production and excretion of bilirubin. Differentiate between unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin. Recognize the importance of measuring liver enzymes as indicators of liver damage. Describe the process used during a liver biopsy.           Understanding Renal Function Tests (3 contact hours for $12 )       Describe the function of the kidney. Identify characteristics of the following degrees of renal dysfunction: diminished renal reserve,renal insufficiency, renal failure, and end-stage renal disease. Identify normal values for the following renal function tests: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum and urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinary urea nitrogen and nitrogen balance, serum and urine osmolality, serum and urinary uric acid. Compare and contrast factors that affect the BUN and serum creatinine levels. Give examples of changes in serum and urine osmolality and propose appropriate nursing interventions.           Understanding the CBC (4 contact hours for $16 )       List blood tests performed as part of a CBC. Recognize the influence of the patient's hydration status on accurate CBC results. State normal adult values for CBC test results. Describe two physiologic reasons and two pathological reasons for an increase in red blood cells. Describe four reasons for a decrease in red blood cells. Identify panic values for hematocrit,hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets. Recognize the purpose of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Describe the calculation relationship between hematocrit and hemoglobin. Describe the impact of pregnancy on CBC results. Identify the purpose of erythrocyte indices. Describe classifications of anemias based on the results of erythrocyte indices. List five types of white blood cells and state the function of each type of cell. State the implications of a "shift to the left" on a white blood cell differential. Identify common patterns of white blood cell increase or decrease in disease processes. Recognize the function of platelets in normal coagulation. Formulate nursing diagnoses and describe interventions for a patient with an elevated RBC count, a decreased hematocrit, a decreased neutrophil count, and a decreased platelet count.           Understanding Urinalysis (4 contact hours for $16 )       Recognize the value of urinalysis as a screening examination for renal and nonrenal diseases. Recognize types of urine specimens and methods of collection. Differentiate between macroscopic and microscopic urine examinations. Identify reference values for a normalurinalysis. Interpret the meaning of abnormal findings on a urinalysis. Recognize nursing diagnoses and propose interventions for patients with abnormal urine test findings.           Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly (3 contact hours for $12 )       Define urinary incontinence (UI) according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Estimate the prevalence and cost of urinary incontinence (UI). Describe literature and research of nurses' knowledge of UI in elderly patients. Differentiate between the sudden onset UI and the chronic UI. Identify the characteristics of the 6 types of UI. Recognize history, lab tests, and physical exam pertinent to UI. Describe how a health professional may individualize treatment/service plans for elderly patients in different levels of care. Identify when basic evaluation is not sufficient, and know to whom to refer patients.      Diagnostics/Lab Test        Cardiac Case Studies (3 contact hours for $12 )       Identify each dyshythmia. Apply basic dysrhythmia knowledge to analyze the case study.