CDC. Division of Vector-Borne Diseases. West Nile Virus in the United States: Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention, and Control. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Division of Vector - Borne Diseases Fort Collins, Colorado 4 th Revision June 14 , 2013. Retrieved 11/6/17. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/wnvGuidelines.pdf
CDC. Morbidity and Mortality. West Nile Virus Disease and Other Arboviral Diseases — United States, 2011. July, 2012. 61(27);510-514
CDC. Public Health Image Library (PHIL) Paul Howell. James Gathany. 2014
CDC. West Nile Virus Home. Frequently Asked Questions. Pregnancy & Breastfeeding. Last reviewed 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/maternal-or-infant-illnesses/west-nile-virus.html
CDC. West Nile Virus Retreived 6/12/23. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html
CDC. West Nile virus. Statistics & Maps. Final Cumulative Maps & Data for 1999–2016. Retrieved 11/14/17. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/cumMapsData.html#one
CDC. West Nile virus. Statistics and Maps. Retrieved 6/12/2023
https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/index.html
Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: use of nucleic acid tests to reduce the risk of transmission of West Nile virus from donors of whole blood and blood components intended for transfusion. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services
Holcomb, K (2022). Worst-ever U.S. West Nile virus outbreak potentially linked to a wetter-than-average 2021 Southwest monsoon. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Climate gov Accessed 6/12/2023 from https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/worst-ever-us-west-nile-virus-outbreak-potentially-linked-wetter-average
Kent R, Juliusson L, Weissmann M, Evans S, Komar N. (2009) Seasonal blood-feeding behavior of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Weld County, Colorado, 2007. J Med Entomol. 46(2):380-90.
Krow-Lucal E, Lindsey N.P., Lehman J, Fischer M, Staples J.E. (2015) West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases — United States, 2015 MMWR Weekly / January 20, 2017 / 66(02);51–55. Retrieved 11/9/17 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6602a3.htm
Pridjian G, Sirois PA, McRae S, Hinckley AF, Rasmussen SA, et al, (2016). Prospective Study of Pregnancy and Newborn Outcomes in Mothers with West Nile Illness during Pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2016 August; 106(8): 716–723
Rios M, Zhang MJ, Grinev A, Srinivasan K, Daniel S, Wood O, Hewlett IK, Dayton AI (2006). Monocytes-macrophages are a potential target in human infection with West Nile virus through blood transfusion. Transfusion. 46:659–667
Soto RA, Hughes ML, Staples JE, Lindsey Np (2022). West Nile Virus and Other Domestic Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases — United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep;71:628–632. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7118a3external icon
Success in Mosquito Control: An Integrated Approach. Retrieved 11/11/17. https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/success-mosquito-control-integrated-approach
Washtenaw County Public Health. Fact Sheet: West Nile Virus (WNV). Retrieved 11/12/17. http://www.twp-lodi.org/features/West%20Nile%20Virus%20Fact%20Sheet.pdfU.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Identifying Risk Factors for West Nile Virus (WNV) During Evaluation of Potential Living Donors. Retrieved 11/3/17. https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/guidance/identifying-risk-factors-for-west-nile-virus-wnv-during-evaluation-of-potential-living-donors/ United States Environmental Protection Agency. Mosquito Control.
West Nile Virus: Biology, Transmission, and Human Infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. October 2012 vol. 25 no. 4 635-648