References
Brown, J.M. (1993). PICC lines: An innovation in vascular access. Gesco International Inc.
Goodwin, M. L., and Carlson, I. (1993). The peripherally inserted central catheter. A retrospective look at three years of insertions. Journal of Intravenous Nursing 16 (2), 92-103.
Intravenous Nurse Society (1999). Standards of Practice: Online (www.ins1.org/stand2.htm)
Intravenouse Nurse Society (1997). Peripherally inserted central catheter position paper. Journal of Intravenous Nursing. 20(4), 172-174.
James, L., Bledsoe, L., and Hadaway, L. (1993). A retrospective look at tip location and complications of peripherally inserted central catheter lines. Journal of Intravenous Nursing 16 (2), 104-109.
Kupensky, D.T., (1998). Applying current research to influence clinical practice. Journal of Intravenous Nursing. 21(5), 271-274.
Masoorli, S., & Angeles, T. (1990). PICC lines: The latest home care challenge. RN Jan. 1990, 44-51.
Mazzola, J. R., Schott-Baer, D., Addy, L. (1999). Clinical factors associated with the development of phlebitis after insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter. Journal of Intravenous Nursing. 22(Jan/Feb), 36-42.
Ng, P. K., Ault, M. J., & Maldonado, L. S. (1996). Peripherally inserted central catheters in the intensive care unit. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 11(1), 49-54.
Pauley, S. R., Vallande, N. C., Riley, E. N., Jenner, N. M., and Gulbinas, D. G. (1993). Catheter-related colonization associated with percutaeous inserted central catheters. Journal of Intravenous Nursing 16 (1), 50-54.
Rice, Robyn (1996). Home Health Nursing Practice. Concepts and Application 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Year-book.
Ryder, M. (1995). Peripheral access options. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 4(3), 395-437.
Ryder, M. (1998). Clincal critique. Minimizing the risks, maximizing results. The mr. vad .diet. Spectrum. 10(4).
Smith, J. R., Friedell, M. L., Cheatham, M. L., Martin, S. P., Cohen, M.J., & Horowitz, J. D. (1998). Peripherally inserted central catheters revisited. American Journal of Surgery, 172(2). 208-211.
Thiagarajan, R. R., Bratton, S. L., Gettman, T, Ramamoorthy, C (1998). Efficacy of peripherally inserted central venous catheters placed in non central vessels. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 152 (5). 436-439.
Wood, D., & Bowe-Geddes, L. A.,(1998). A comparative retrospective analysis of two securement techniques for peripherally inserted central catheters and midlines in the home care setting. Journal of Vascular Access Devices, 2 (3).
This course content has been reviewed by Patricia A. Luptak, RN, President of LITE (League of Intravenous Therapy Education)