Introduction
American Diabetes Association. (2022). American Diabetes Association Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Retrieved August 11, 2023, from https://diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/46/Supplement_1
ADA Diabetes Standards of Care 2023, guideline summary. Guideline Central. (2021, July 22). https://www.guidelinecentral.com/guideline/14119/#section-anchor-1226429
Diabetes journals.org. (n.d.). https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/Supplement_1/S68/148055/5-Facilitating-Positive-Health-Behaviors-and-Well
Dobrow, L., Estrada, I., Burkholder-Cooley, N., & Miklavcic, J. (2022). Potential Effectiveness of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Healthy Behavior Interventions for Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 737410. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.737410
Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., Mitri, J., Pereira, R. F., Rawlings, K., Robinson, S., Saslow, L., Uelmen, S., Urbanski, P. B., & Yancy, W. S., Jr (2019). Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes care, 42(5), 731–754. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0014
Hales C.M., Carroll M.D., Fryar C.D., Ogden C.L., (2020). Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017–2018. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. NCHS Data Brief No. 360. February 2020 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db360-h.pdf
Marincic, P. Z., Salazar, M. V., Hardin, A., Scott, S., Fan, S. X., Gaillard, P. R., Wyatt, C., Watson, L., Green, P., Glover, P., & Hand, M. (2019). Diabetes Self-Management Education and Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Multisite Study Documenting the Efficacy of Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Interventions in the Management of Glycemic Control and Diabetic Dyslipidemia through Retrospective Chart Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 119(3), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.303
Simmons, R., Harding, A. et al. (2006) How much might achievement of diabetes prevention behavior goals reduce the incidence of diabetes if implemented at the population level? Diabetologia. 49(5)
Van Dael P. (2021). Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: review of recent studies and recommendations. Nutrition research and practice, 15(2), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.137
Yanagisawa Y. (2023). How dietary amino acids and high protein diets influence insulin secretion. Physiological reports, 11(2), e15577. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15577
Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Na, X., & Zhao, A. (2022). β-Carotene Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 14(6), 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061284
Glucose Homeostasis
Bongaerts, G. P. A., van Halteren, H. K., Verhagen, C. A. M., & Wagener, D. J. Th. (2006). Cancer cachexia demonstrates the energetic impact of gluconeogenesis in human metabolism. Medical Hypotheses, 67(5), 1213–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.048
Dimitriadis, G. D., Maratou, E., Kountouri, A., Board, M., & Lambadiari, V. (2021). Regulation of Postabsorptive and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism by Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Independent Mechanisms: An Integrative Approach. Nutrients, 13(1), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010159
Dufour, S., Lebon, V., Shulman, G. I., & Petersen, K. F. (2009). Regulation of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by epinephrine in humans. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 297(1), E231–E235. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00222.2009
Diabetes Classifications
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al., on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care 2023;46(Suppl.1):S19–S40
Medical Nutrition Therapy
American Diabetes Association. (2022). American Diabetes Association Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Retrieved August 11, 2023, from https://diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/46/Supplement_1
ADA Diabetes Standards of Care 2023, guideline summary. Guideline Central. (2021, July 22). https://www.guidelinecentral.com/guideline/14119/#section-anchor-1226429
Diabetesjournals.org. (n.d.). https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/46/Supplement_1/S68/148055/5-Facilitating-Positive-Health-Behaviors-and-Well
Dobrow, L., Estrada, I., Burkholder-Cooley, N., & Miklavcic, J. (2022). Potential Effectiveness of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Healthy Behavior Interventions for Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 737410. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.737410
Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., Mitri, J., Pereira, R. F., Rawlings, K., Robinson, S., Saslow, L., Uelmen, S., Urbanski, P. B., & Yancy, W. S., Jr (2019). Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes care, 42(5), 731–754. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0014
Hales C.M., Carroll M.D., Fryar C.D., Ogden C.L., (2020). Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017–2018. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. NCHS Data Brief No. 360. February 2020 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db360-h.pdf
Marincic, P. Z., Salazar, M. V., Hardin, A., Scott, S., Fan, S. X., Gaillard, P. R., Wyatt, C., Watson, L., Green, P., Glover, P., & Hand, M. (2019). Diabetes Self-Management Education and Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Multisite Study Documenting the Efficacy of Registered Dietitian Nutritionist Interventions in the Management of Glycemic Control and Diabetic Dyslipidemia through Retrospective Chart Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 119(3), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.303
Simmons, R., Harding, A. et al. (2006) How much might achievement of diabetes prevention behavior goals reduce the incidence of diabetes if implemented at the population level? Diabetologia. 49(5)
Van Dael P. (2021). Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: review of recent studies and recommendations. Nutrition research and practice, 15(2), 137–159. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.137
Yanagisawa Y. (2023). How dietary amino acids and high protein diets influence insulin secretion. Physiological reports, 11(2), e15577. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15577
Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Na, X., & Zhao, A. (2022). β-Carotene Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 14(6), 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061284
Insulin and Food Sources
Vlachos, D., Malisova, S., Lindberg, F. A., & Karaniki, G. (2020). Glycemic Index (GI) or Glycemic Load (GL) and Dietary Interventions for Optimizing Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Patients with T2 Diabetes: A Review. Nutrients, 12(6), 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061561
Wannamethee, S. G., Whincup, P. H., Thomas, M. C., & Sattar, N. (2009). Associations between dietary fiber and inflammation, hepatic function, and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men: potential mechanisms for the benefits of fiber on diabetes risk. Diabetes care, 32(10), 1823–1825. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0477
Xie, Y., Gou, L., Peng, M., Zheng, J., & Chen, L. (2021). Effects of soluble fiber supplementation on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 40(4), 1800–1810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.032
Teaching Diet Planning
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K., Das, S. R., Gibbons, C. H., Giurini, J. M., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Kosiborod, M., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Murdock, L., … on behalf of the American Diabetes Association (2023). Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes care, 46(Suppl 1), S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-Sint
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Dietitians and Nutritionists. accessed 8/13/2023, from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dietitians-and-nutritionists.htm
Sick Day Adjustments to Meal Plans
Diabetes care. Standards of Care in Diabetes. American Diabetes Association. (2023). https://diabetesjournals.org/care/issue/46/Supplement_1
Moghissi, E.S., Korytkowski, M.T., DiNardo, M. , et al. (2009). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 32, 1119–1131
Plummer, M. P., Finnis, M. E., Phillips, L. K., Kar, P., Bihari, S., Biradar, V., Moodie, S., Horowitz, M., Shaw, J. E., & Deane, A. M. (2016). Stress Induced Hyperglycemia and the Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Survivors of Critical Illness. PloS one, 11(11), e0165923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165923
Vedantam, D., Poman, D. S., Motwani, L., Asif, N., Patel, A., & Anne, K. K. (2022). Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia: Consequences and Management. Cureus, 14(7), e26714. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26714
Benefits of Exercise
American Diabetes Association (2023). Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes; 41. Accessed 8/18/2023 from https://diabetesjournals.org/clinical/article/41/1/4/148029/Standards-of-Care-in-Diabetes-2023-Abridged-for
Kanaley, J. A., Colberg, S. R., Corcoran, M. H., Malin, S. K., Rodriguez, N. R., Crespo, C. J., Kirwan, J. P., & Zierath, J. R. (2022). Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 54(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800
Richter E. A. (2021). Is GLUT4 translocation the answer to exercise-stimulated muscle glucose uptake?. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 320(2), E240–E243. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00503.2020
Soo, J., Raman, A., Lawler, N. G., Goods, P. S. R., Deldicque, L., Girard, O., & Fairchild, T. J. (2023). The role of exercise and hypoxia on glucose transport and regulation. European journal of applied physiology, 123(6), 1147–1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05135-1
Verboven, M., Van Ryckeghem, L., Belkhouribchia, J., Dendale, P., Eijnde, B. O., Hansen, D., & Bito, V. (2019). Effect of Exercise Intervention on Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 49(2), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1003-4
Exercise Risk Reduction
American Diabetes Association. Why Does Exercise Sometimes Raise Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)? from https://diabetes.org/healthy-living/fitness/why-does-exercise-sometimes-raise-blood-sugar
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