Hormone Therapy
"Hormone-related cancers, namely breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate, testis, thyroid and osteosarcoma, share a unique mechanism of carcinogenesis. Endogenous and exogenous hormones drive cell proliferation, and thus the opportunity for the accumulation of random genetic errors."•
Hormone substances are of two general types:
Hormones and antagonists
These agents are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus. Hormone-responsive tumors regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered.
Class I nuclear receptor (NR) mechanism of action. Hormone binding to the NR triggers dissociation of heat shock proteins (HSP), dimerization, and translocation to the nucleus, where the NR binds to a specific sequence of DNA known as a hormone response element (HRE). The nuclear receptor DNA complex in turn recruits other proteins that are responsible for transcription of downstream DNA into mRNA, which is eventually translated into protein, which results in a change in cell function. |
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