Comorbidities of obesity

Obese persons often suffer a variety of comorbidities directly related to the chronic physical stress of being overweight. If they are not experiencing comorbidities ‘now’ … they are at a risk of developing them in the future.  Weight loss, can modify the progress of many comorbidities. Unfortunately, the deleterious effects of some comorbidities will continue to distress patients even after significant weight loss.

The health burden of obesity

• In the next two decades, Wang and McPherson, (2011) project the following:
  • an additional 6–8.5 million cases of diabetes, 5.7–7.3 million cases of heart disease and stroke, 492,000–669,000 additional cases of cancer, and 26–55 million quality-adjusted life years forgone due to obesity, in the USA.
  • obesity-related diseases will add $48–66 billion every year to health-care costs in the USA.
• To the contrary, van Baal and colleagues predicted that a 20-year-old obese individual might incur lower total health-care cost because of their life expectancy is roughly 5 years shorter.
• Renehan and Tyson (2008) found that every additional 5 kg/m² in BMI increases a man’s risk of esophageal cancer by 52% and for colon cancer by 24%, and in women, endometrial cancer by 59%, gall bladder cancer by 59%, and postmenopausal breast cancer by 12%.

Cardiac/vascular atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis myocardial infarction angina stroke hypertension coronary artery disease congestive heart failure stroke cor pulmonale cardiomyopathy Long QT syndrome Atrial fibrillation Venous thrombosis	Pulmonary obstructive sleep apnea asthma insomnia	Psychological depression anxiety personality disorder bulemia eating disorder body dysmorphic syndrome insomnia
	Musculoskeletal degenerative joint disease sprains impaired gait	GI cholelithiasis reflux hiatal hernia
Endocrine hyperandrogenemia hyperinsulinaemia hyperparathyroidism insulin-resistance insulin excess diabetes type 1&2	Metabolic diabetes 1&2 dyslipideamia gout Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	Neurologic stroke diabetic neuropathy Benign intracranial hypertension/headaches spinal nerve root entrapment
Dermatologic alopecia stasis dermatitis stasis ulcers erythrasma folliculitis acanthosis nigricans	GU infertility Amenorrhea testicular atrophy dysfunctional uterine bleeding urinary incontinence	Neoplastic breast colon endometrial prostate renal cell

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